A Simulation-Assisted Proactive Scheduling Method for Secure Microgrid Formation Under Static and Transient Islanding Constraints

Microgrids (MGs) provide a promising solution to ensure the constant power supply under extreme conditions due to their islanding ability. However, unintentional islanding caused by emergencies may trigger significant a power imbalance in MGs, leading to unsuccessful MG formation in the event that static or transient operational constraints are violated. To address this challenge, we propose a proactive distribution system scheduling method to continue serving critical loads in emergencies by forming reliable MGs. The power flow on the lines is restricted prior to interruption to mitigate the power imbalance in MGs when equipment failures occur. Both static and transient constraints are incorporated into the proposed model to ensure the adequacy of MGs in supplying demands and transient security during the islanding transition. Note that the inclusion of nonlinear transient constraints makes it difficult to solve the model directly. Thus, a two-level simulation-assisted solution approach is presented, where simulation level sends the maximum allowable power imbalance in the MGs to optimization level to determine optimal scheduling schemes. By interfacing with a transient simulation of MGs, the frequency dynamics are exactly incorporated into the constraints. Numerical results validate the effectiveness of the proposed method in secure islanding transition and MG survivability improvement.