An ingenious designed dual mode self-powered biosensing platform based on graphdiyne heterostructure substrate for instant hepatocarcinoma marker detection

We report here for the first time a self-powered biosensing platform based on graphene/graphdiyne/graphene (GDY-Gr) heterostructure substrate material for ultrasensitive hepatocarcinoma marker (microRNA-21) detection in both electrochemical and colorimetric test modes. The dual-mode signal intuitively displayed on a smartphone fundamentally improves the detection accuracy. In electrochemical mode, the calibration curve is established in the linear range of 0.1-10000 fM, and the detection limit is as low as 0.333 fM (S/N = 3). Simultaneously, colorimetric analysis of the miRNA-21 is realized by using ABTS as an indicator. The detection limit is confirmed as 32 fM (S/N = 3), and miRNA-21 of concentration from 0.1 pM to 1 nM exhibit a linear relationship with R2 = 0.9968. Overall, the combination of GDY-Gr and multiple signal amplification strategy significantly improved the sensitivity by 310 times compared with traditional enzymatic biofuel cells (EBFCs) based detection platform, showing broad application prospects for on-site analysis and future mobile medical services.