Probabilistic Constellation Shaping for Molecular Communications

Molecular communication (MC) is an emerging field aiming at realizing information exchange via chemical signals between nanomachines in nanonetworks.Information transmission that is energy-efficient and relies on relatively lowcomplexity transceiver techniques is of practical importance for MC systems.Based on the fact that constellation shaping can improve energy efficiency, in this paper, we propose a molecular shell mapping (MSM) scheme to implement the probabilistic constellation shaping for MC.The MSM method is designed to exploit the concentration sequences with the lowest sum sequence weight, which results in an energy-efficient signal constellation.Furthermore, we propose an algorithm for selecting and sorting the concentration sequences to mitigate inter-symbol interference.For information detection, we design a genie-aided maximumlikelihood (ML) detector and a realistic ML detector to leverage the constructive effect of intra-sequence interference, as well as derive their bit error rates and achievable rates.Additionally, for the applications using large blocklength sequences, a low-complexity ML detection method is proposed.Numerical simulation results confirm that the shaped signaling using the MSM method is more energy-efficient than the conventional equiprobable signaling, achieving shaping gains of up to 1.5 dB at an ultra-short blocklength of 4.