Use of ultrasonic nebulizer during anesthesia

With an ultrasonic nebulizer of low output such as the HNE we used, the input of fluid into the pulmonary system in newborn puppies is 1 ml/kg/hr. Caution should be used with higher-output nebulizers. With an ultrasonic nebulizer of low output in the anesthesia circuitry, a reasonable formula for fluid maintenance during operation is 5 ml/kg/hr. Without a nebulizer, this should be increased to 6 ml/kg/hr in neonates.