Effects of surface tension and axis stress on piezoelectric behaviors of ferroelectric nanowires

The effects of surface tension and axis stress on piezoelectric behaviors of ferroelectric nanowires with radius polarization were investigated by the time-dependent Ginzburg-Landau theory. When surface tension increases, both of coercive field and remnant strain decrease. The larger the surface tension is, the more they decrease. The axis compressive stress enhances the coercive field and remnant strain, while the axis tensile stress has contrary effect. The reason for the stress-modulated piezoelectricity is that radius polarization is forced by axis compressive stress but restrained by surface tension and axis tensile stress. The research is useful for ferroelectric nanostructures in strain engineering.