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Multiple Gas Seepage Mechanisms and Production Development Research for Shale Gas Reservoirs from Experimental Techniques and Theoretical Models

微尺度化学 纳米孔 吸附 油页岩 大孔隙 石油工程 解吸 气体扩散 材料科学 化学 纳米技术 化学物理 介孔材料 化学工程 地质学 有机化学 工程类 古生物学 数学教育 数学 催化作用 燃料电池
作者
Zhiming Hu,Xianggang Duan,Jin Chang,Xiaowei Zhang,Shangwen Zhou,Yingying Xu,Rui Shen,Shusheng Gao,Ying Mu
出处
期刊:ACS omega [American Chemical Society]
卷期号:8 (4): 3571-3585
标识
DOI:10.1021/acsomega.2c05789
摘要

Shale gas seepage theory provides a scientific basis for dynamically analyzing the physical gas flow processes involved in shale gas extraction and for estimating shale gas production. Conventional experimental techniques and theoretical methods applied in seepage research are unable to accurately illustrate shale gas mass transfer processes at the micro- and nanoscale. In view of these scientific issues, the knowledge of seepage mechanisms and production development design was improved from the perspective of experimental techniques and theoretical models in the paper. First, multiple techniques (e.g., focused ion beam scanning electron microscopy and a combination of mercury intrusion porosimetry and adsorption measurement techniques) were integrated to characterize the micro- and nanopore distribution in shales. Then, molecular dynamics simulations were carried out to analyze the microscale distribution of gas molecules in nanopores. In addition, an upscaled gas flow model for the shale matrix was developed based on molecular dynamics simulations. Finally, the coupled flow and productivity models were set up according to a long-term production physical simulation to identify the production patterns for adsorbed and free gas. The research results show that micropores (diameter: <2 nm) and mesopores (diameter: 2-50 nm) account for more than 70% of all the pores in shales and that they are the primary space hosting adsorbed gas. Molecular simulations reveal that microscopic adsorption layers in organic matter nanopores can be as thick as 0.7 nm and that desorption and diffusion are the main mechanisms behind the migration of gas molecules. An apparent permeability model that comprehensively accounts for adsorption, diffusion, and seepage was developed to address the deficiency of Darcy's law in characterizing gas flowability in shale reservoirs. The productivity model results for a certain gas well show that the production in the first three years accounts for more than 50% of its estimated ultimate recovery and that adsorbed gas contributes more to the annual production than free gas in the eighth year. These research results provide theoretical and technical support for improving the theoretical understanding of shale gas seepage and optimizing shale gas extraction techniques in China.
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