Recycling and utilization of paper sludge ash -current status review and future perspectives

Paper sludge ash (PSA) is a type of industrial waste produced by the pulp and paper industry that poses both environmental and financial difficulties. However, in recent years, scientists and engineers have looked into its potential as a green and sustainable material for a variety of technical applications. With a focus on PSA's appropriateness, advantages, and drawbacks, this in-depth research intends to shed light on the numerous applications of PSA in engineering. The paper starts by going through PSA's composition and physical and chemical properties to shed light on them. After that, it looks at the various engineering fields where PSA has been used, such as geotechnical engineering, and building materials. To further explain the uses of PSA, a variety of experimental results are presented. In the field of construction engineering, PSA has been used as an additional cementitious component in the creation of concrete. Its pozzolanic qualities increase the strength and durability of concrete while lessening the negative environmental effects of cement manufacture. Additionally, PSA has been used as a soil stabilizer in geotechnical engineering to improve soil qualities and lower the risk of soil erosion. Its use is challenged by questions of durability, uniformity, and potential environmental dangers, among other challenges and worries. The positive potential of PSA as a resourceful and sustainable material in engineering applications is highlighted by this review, in its conclusion. It emphasizes the need for further research, standardization, and widespread adoption of PSA-based products to harness its full benefits.