Robust covalent organic frameworks membranes for ultrafast dye/salt separation in harsh environments

Although covalent organic frameworks (COFs) membranes have promising applications in water treatment due to their ordered structure and adjustable pore size, most of them are imine-linked ones, which severely limits their application in harsh environments. Herein, we offer a stable novel COFs membrane which is composed of hydrazone bonds and β-ketoenamine structures. Such β-ketoenamine based COFs composite membrane was fabricated via interfacial catalytic polymerization on a nylon substrate, which was generated at the water (P-Toluenesulfonic acid)/n-hexane (2,5-dimethoxyterephthalhydrazide, 1,3,5-triformylphoroglucinol) interface. The resultant COFs membrane demonstrates excellent chemical stability in strong acidic (2 mol/L)/alkaline (9 mol/L)/organic solvents (dioxane, acetone, methanol, and ethanol) media. The optimized COFs membrane achieved 109.73 L m−2 h−1 bar−1 permeance in Congo Red aqueous solution and 99.56 % CR rejection. This study exploits a novel approach to produce robust COFs membranes under extreme conditions.