Oxidative Metabolism as a Cause of Lipid Peroxidation in the Execution of Ferroptosis

脂质过氧化 GPX4 生物化学 谷胱甘肽 新陈代谢 磷脂过氧化氢谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶 线粒体 氧化磷酸化 化学 活性氧 程序性细胞死亡 半胱氨酸 柠檬酸循环 生物 细胞生物学 氧化应激 细胞凋亡 谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶
作者
Junichi Fujii,Hirotaka Imai
出处
期刊:International Journal of Molecular Sciences [MDPI AG]
卷期号:25 (14): 7544-7544 被引量:2
标识
DOI:10.3390/ijms25147544
摘要

Ferroptosis is a type of nonapoptotic cell death that is characteristically caused by phospholipid peroxidation promoted by radical reactions involving iron. Researchers have identified many of the protein factors that are encoded by genes that promote ferroptosis. Glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) is a key enzyme that protects phospholipids from peroxidation and suppresses ferroptosis in a glutathione-dependent manner. Thus, the dysregulation of genes involved in cysteine and/or glutathione metabolism is closely associated with ferroptosis. From the perspective of cell dynamics, actively proliferating cells are more prone to ferroptosis than quiescent cells, which suggests that radical species generated during oxygen-involved metabolism are responsible for lipid peroxidation. Herein, we discuss the initial events involved in ferroptosis that dominantly occur in the process of energy metabolism, in association with cysteine deficiency. Accordingly, dysregulation of the tricarboxylic acid cycle coupled with the respiratory chain in mitochondria are the main subjects here, and this suggests that mitochondria are the likely source of both radical electrons and free iron. Since not only carbohydrates, but also amino acids, especially glutamate, are major substrates for central metabolism, dealing with nitrogen derived from amino groups also contributes to lipid peroxidation and is a subject of this discussion.
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