Insights into the pathogenic role of neutrophils in systemic lupus erythematosus

Purpose of review Although dysregulated adaptive immune response has been considered as the main culprit for systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), emerging studies have indicated that innate immunity, functioning upstream of adaptive immunity, acts as an important trigger of autoimmune diseases and promotes SLE development. Here, we have reviewed the most recent findings to highlight the influence of neutrophils on SLE pathogenesis. Recent findings Neutrophils participate in SLE development mainly via promoting self-antigen exposure and autoantibody production, advocating the release of type I interferons (IFNs) and other pro-inflammatory cytokines, and mediating systemic tissue injury. A recent study revealed that neutrophil ferroptosis exerts a strong pathogenic effect in SLE, and that dysregulated innate immunity is adequate to disrupt the homeostasis of immune tolerance. Summary Insights into the pathogenic role of neutrophils in SLE will contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of this disease and may propose novel clinical targets for accurate diagnosis and precision medicine.