The Role of d-block Metal Ions in Neurodegenerative Diseases

d -block metal ions (Cu 1+ , Cu 2+ , Fe 2+ , Fe 3+ , Mn 2+ , and Zn 2+ ) are essential for the brain; however, disruption of metal ion homeostasis is closely linked to neurodegenerative diseases. Interestingly, many of the proteins that play a key role in neurodegeneration can bind metal ions and, in some cases, impact metal homeostasis. This chapter reviews the role of d -block metal ions in different neurodegenerative diseases, including Prion, Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, and Huntington's diseases. For each pathology, the metal-binding properties of the proteins involved are discussed, attempting to link the bioinorganic chemistry of these proteins with the role of metal ions in function and disease. Therapeutic approaches that target metal-protein interactions for each disease are also discussed.