Heteronuclear dual-metal atom catalysts for nanocatalytic tumor therapy

Due to excellent catalytic activity and high atomic utilization rate, single atom catalysts (SACs) have become a rising star in the field of nanocatalytic medicine. Heteronuclear dual-atom catalysts (HDACs) retain the advantages of monoatomic catalysts, have more optionally regulated coordination environment, possess favorable synergistic effects between different active sites, and can break through the restriction of adsorption ratio of SACs, making them the most ideal candidates for catalytic tumor therapy. In this review, we first introduce the advanced characterization methods of HDACs. Then, HDACs in different application fields are classified and elaborated according to various preparation strategies. According to the pharmacodynamic mechanisms, the application of HDACs in the field of nanocatalytic tumor therapy is emphatically introduced. Finally, a concise but focused summary and perspective is provided to outline the current challenges and prospects for future development of HDACs for oncology therapy.