Anti‐inflammatory effect of paeoniflorin combined with baicalin in oral inflammatory diseases

Abstract Objective There are challenges in the treatment of chronic inflammatory diseases of oral mucosa. Both paeoniflorin (PF) and baicalin (BAI) exert anti‐inflammatory effects, but the mechanism underlying their combined effects is still unclear. Here, we explored the anti‐inflammatory function of the PF‐BAI combination in the oral inflammatory response. Materials and Methods The CCK‐8 assay was used to determine the proliferative capacity of HOKs with PF and BAI. Enzyme‐linked immunosorbent (ELISA), Western blotting, reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, and confocal immunofluorescence were performed to study the anti‐inflammatory effects of PF‐BAI in LPS‐stimulated human oral keratinocytes (HOKs). Immunohistochemistry and ELISA were performed to detect the levels of NF‐κB p65, IKKα and IL‐6, TNF‐α in OLP and healthy tissues. Results Compared to PF or BAI alone, the combination of PF‐BAI at 5 µg/ml downregulated secretion of inflammatory cytokines more effectively ( p < .05). Combined PF‐BAI decreased NF‐κB p65 and IκBα protein phosphorylation, leading to reduce nuclear translocation of NF‐κB p65. Higher expression of TNF‐α, IL‐6, NF‐κB p65, and IKKα were observed in OLP than in HC tissues ( p < .01). Conclusion The optimal combination concentration of PF and BAI at 5 µg/ml may have a positive effect on the treatment of oral inflammatory diseases, providing a novel therapeutic approach.