MRI features of histologic subtypes of hepatocellular carcinoma: correlation with histologic, genetic, and molecular biologic classification

肝细胞癌 医学 病理 组织学 表型 放射基因组学 无线电技术 分子成像 癌症研究 放射科 基因 生物 生物化学 生物技术 体内
作者
Ja Kyung Yoon,Jin‐Young Choi,Hyungjin Rhee,Young Nyun Park
出处
期刊:European Radiology [Springer Science+Business Media]
卷期号:32 (8): 5119-5133 被引量:23
标识
DOI:10.1007/s00330-022-08643-4
摘要

HCC is a heterogeneous group of tumors in terms of histology, genetic aberration, and protein expression. Advancements in imaging techniques have allowed imaging diagnosis to become a critical part of managing HCC in the clinical setting, even without pathologic diagnosis. With the identification of many HCC subtypes, there is increasing correlative evidence between imaging phenotypes and histologic, molecular, and genetic characteristics of various HCC subtypes. In this review, current knowledge of histologic heterogeneity of HCC correlated to features on gadolinium-enhanced dynamic liver MRI will be discussed. In addition, HCC subtype classification according to transcriptomic profiles will be outlined with descriptions of histologic, genetic, and molecular characteristics of some relatively well-established morphologic subtypes, namely the low proliferation class (steatohepatitic HCC and CTNNB1-mutated HCC) and the high proliferation class (macrotrabecular-massive HCC (MTM-HCC), scirrhous HCC, and CK19-positive HCC). Characteristics of sarcomatoid HCC and fibrolamellar HCC will also be discussed. Further research on radiological characteristics of HCC subtypes may ultimately enable non-invasive diagnosis and serve as a biomarker in predicting prognosis, molecular characteristics, and therapeutic response. In the era of precision medicine, a multidisciplinary effort to develop an integrated radiologic and clinical diagnostic system of various HCC subtypes is necessary. KEY POINTS: • HCC is a heterogeneous group of tumors in terms of histology, genetic aberration, and protein expression, which can be divided into many subtypes according to transcriptome profiles. • There is increasing evidence of a correlation between imaging phenotypes and histologic, genetic, and molecular biologic characteristics of various HCC subtypes. • Imaging characteristics may ultimately enable non-invasive diagnosis and subtype characterization, serving as a biomarker for predicting prognosis, molecular characteristics, and therapeutic response.
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