Rapid, noninvasive concentration measurements of aqueous biological analytes by near-infrared Raman spectroscopy

Accurate concentration measurements of glucose, lactic acid, and creatinine in saline solution have been achieved with near-IR Raman spectroscopy and a partial least-squares analysis. The Raman spectra were acquired remotely through optical fibers. A root-mean-squared prediction error of 1.2 mM for glucose concentration was achieved in 100 s. Concentrations of other analytes were predicted with similar accuracy.