Molecular properties of various structurally defined sphingomyelins – Correlation of structure with function

鞘磷脂 甘油磷酯 化学 甘油磷脂 鞘脂 鞘氨醇 磷脂 立体化学 生物化学 生物物理学 生物 受体
作者
Peter J. Slotte
出处
期刊:Progress in Lipid Research [Elsevier]
卷期号:52 (2): 206-219 被引量:72
标识
DOI:10.1016/j.plipres.2012.12.001
摘要

Sphingomyelins are important phospholipids in plasma membranes of most cells. Because of their dominantly saturated nature, they affect the lateral structure of membranes, and contribute to the regulation of cholesterol distribution within membranes, and in cells. However, the abundance of molecular species present in cells also implies that sphingomyelins have other, more specific functions. Many of these functions are currently unknown, but are under extensive study. Mostly model membrane studies have shown that sphingomyelins (and other sphingolipids), in contrast to glycerophospholipids, have important hydrogen bonding properties which in several important ways confer specific functional properties to this abundant class of membrane phospholipids. The often very asymmetric nature of sphingomyelins, arising from mismatch in length between the long chain base and N-acyl chains, also impose specific properties (e.g., interdigitation) to sphingomyelins not seen with glycerophospholipids. In this review, the latest sphingomyelin literature will be scrutinized, and an effort will be made to correlate the molecular structure of sphingomyelin with functional properties. In particular, the effects of head group properties, interfacial hydrogen bonding, long chain base hydroxylation, N-acyl chain hydroxylation, and N-acyl chain methyl-branching will be discussed.
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