Addressing Medical Device Extractables and Leachables via Non-Target Analysis (NTA); The Analytical Evaluation Threshold (AET) and Quantitation

Leachables leached from a medical device during its clinical use are important due to the patient health-related effects they may have. Thus, medical devices are profiled for leachables (and/or extractables as probable leachables) by screening extracts or leachates of the medical device for released organic substances via non-targeted analysis (NTA) employing chromatographic methods coupled with mass spectrometric detection. Chromatographic mass spectral response factors for extractables and leachables vary significantly from compound to compound, complicating the application of assessment strategies such as the Analytical Evaluation Threshold (AET), which is the concentration threshold at or above which an extractable or leachable must be reported for quantitative toxicological risk assessment. The analytical uncertainty resulting from response variation can make interpretation of the AET difficult, potentially leading to both false positive and false negative outcomes. Furthermore, response factor variation complicates the estimation of leachables9 and extractables′ concentrations (quantification). This Correspondence discusses best practice recommendations for the calculation and application of the AET and for performing quantification, including a discussion of accuracy versus protectiveness.