CaF2 nanoparticles enabling LiF-dominated solid electrolyte interphase for dendrite-free and ultra-stable lithium metal batteries

The uncontrollable growth of Li dendrites and severe interfacial parasitic reactions on the Li anode are the primary obstacles to the practical application of lithium (Li) metal batteries. Effective artificial solid electrolyte interphase is capable of regulating uniform Li deposition and isolateing Li from electrolyte, thereby eliminating parasitic reactions. Herein, we rationally design a uniform LiF-dominated solid electrolyte interphase through an in-situ reaction between CaF