Cell–cell interactions and communication dynamics in lung fibrosis

Cell-cell interactions are essential components of coordinated cell function in lung homeostasis. Lung diseases involve altered cell-cell interactions and communication between different cell types, as well as between subsets of cells of the same type. The identification and understanding of intercellular signaling in lung fibrosis offer insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying these interactions and their implications in the development and progression of lung fibrosis. A comprehensive cell atlas of the human lung, established with the facilitation of single-cell RNA transcriptomic analysis, has enabled the inference of intercellular communications using ligand-receptor databases. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of the modified cell-cell communications in lung fibrosis. We highlight the intricate interactions among the major cell types within the lung and their contributions to fibrogenesis. The insights presented in this review will contribute to a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying lung fibrosis and may guide future research efforts in developing targeted therapies for this debilitating disease.