Seasonal variation in greenhouse gas concentrations and diffusive fluxes in three river–reservoir systems in the Seine Basin (France)

River and reservoir ecosystems have been considered as hot spots for GHG (greenhouse gas) emissions while their specific hydrological and biogeochemical processes affect GHG concentrations; however, few studies integrated river-reservoir systems to identify the dominant drivers of GHG concentrations and flux changes associated with these systems. In the present study, we examined the seasonal variations in GHG concentrations in the surface water of three river-reservoir systems in the Seine Basin. The levels and seasonal variations of GHG concentrations exhibited distinct patterns among reservoirs, upstream, and downstream rivers. The concentrations of CH