Analysis of microbial community diversity and physicochemical factors in pit mud of different ages based on high-throughput sequencing

In this study, Illumina MiSeq/NovaSeq high-throughput sequencing technology was used to sequence the terminal DNA fragments of microbial communities in Wuliangye pit mud. The results showed that there were 5 dominant bacterial phyla and 13 dominant bacterial genera in the pit mud, which belonged to 4 phyla, mainly Firmicutes. There were 3 dominant fungal phyla and 5 dominant fungal genera in cellar mud, which belonged to 2 phyla and concentrated in Ascomycota. According to the statistical data, the low pH value cellar pool is more conducive to the enrichment of acid-resistant or acid-biased bacteria, which is the key to flavor formation. In addition, the components of ammonium nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium in pit mud need to be replenished in time. In addition, sampling time, fermentation time, temperature, and other external environments also have certain effects on microbial diversity and abundance in the pit. With the use of cellars, various types of microorganisms are constantly evolving to adapt to the environment inside the pits. The succession rule of microbe in pit mud was preliminarily revealed, which provided the basis for improving the quality and technical development of Wuliangye.