Microgrids control strategies: A survey of available literature

The implementation of microgrid (MG) could offer significant advantages to an ever-increasing demand for energy. Microgrid control is therefore the key technology for implementing the hybrid renewable energy system (HRES) in practice. In the near future, energy system integration based on distributed resources is the most promising improved microgrid technology in islanded or grid-connected mode in the world. In addition, the stability control of the microgrid network has become more complicated due to the penetration of distributed energy sources (DESs) into the power system and the generation of electricity. The paper provides a brief overview of microgrid prototype systems, microgrid controls, operating modes and multi-DER microgrid types built into a hybrid system, which introduces a number of strategies or techniques for managing remote rural application prototypes in an isolated or grid-connected system. More research would be collected to describe recent development studies aimed at improving the optimum operating concept of microgrid controllers for stand-alone, hybrid or grid-connected systems for real-time implementation by either hierarchical control or distributed control for a reliable and optimal energy management system. However, hierarchical control was found to be more appropriate for large microgrids with multiple types of distributed energy resources (DERs) compared to distributed control, particularly when combined with energy storage systems (ESSs) in isolated mode.