Preparation of Sample for X‐Ray Fluorescence Analysis

X-ray fluorescence (XRF) is the most common, inexpensive, practical, non-destructive, and easy-to-learn analytical method for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of any sample. Sample preparation for XRF analysis is possible for different forms of samples, such as solids, powders, briquettes, fusion products, liquids, and also biological specimens. This chapter reviews the literature studies related to the analysis biological samples. The main aspects of sample preparation of infinitely thick and intermediate specimen in XRF analysis are: the prepared sample should be a representative material and matrix effect corrections should be avoided. The preparation of animal cells will be the same as the biological specimens including H, C, N, O, S, and other elements having low-atomic numbers. Quantitative analysis is possible for plant materials using different sample preparation methods.