阴极
阳极
电化学
材料科学
化学工程
相(物质)
碳纤维
电极
离子
氧化还原
钠
纳米技术
化学
冶金
复合材料
物理化学
有机化学
复合数
工程类
作者
Achmad Yanuar Maulana,Jungwook Song,Cybelle M. Futalan,Jongsik Kim
标识
DOI:10.1016/j.cej.2022.134727
摘要
Sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) have attracted increasing attention as next-generation energy storage devices due to the availability and economic benefits of sodium. Iron difluoride (FeF2) is considered as a promising conversion-typed cathode material in SIBs because of its low-cost and high theoretical capacity of 571 mAh g−1. Additionally, storing larger sodium ions is more suitable in conversion type cathode when compared to other insertion-typed cathodes in SIBs. However, previous studies have reported irreversible redox reactions to cause undesirable phase transformations of FeF2 to Na3FeF6 and FeF3 during the cycling processes. Herein, nitrogen-doped graphitic carbon wrapped FeF2 nanoparticles (FeF2@NGC) was synthesized using dopamine and was utilized as conversion-based cathode materials for SIBs. The phase transformations of FeF2 were successfully prevented during cycles because of the electron-rich carbon matrix with adjustable NGC thickness that resulted in excellent electrochemical performance at a high rate over long cycle experiments. A reversible discharge capacity of 214.2 mAh g−1 and a fading rate of 0.042% per cycle after 500 cycles at a current density of 300 mA g−1 was observed for electrochemical cells employing a FeF2@NGC based electrode with the optimal thickness of the NGC layer. In addition, a full cell battery that was assembled with [email protected]3C/Fe anode was able to deliver a high energy density of 761.3 Wh kg−1, indicating that the iron-based conversion-type cathode hold potential for high-performance SIBs.
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