Migration and diffusion for pollutants across the sediment-water interface in lakes: A review

污染物在沉积物-水界面的迁移扩散对研究其环境生物地球化学循环过程和评估水生态系统质量具有重要意义.本文回顾了关于沉积物-水界面的基本研究历程，重点介绍沉积物-水界面的垂向结构以及扩散边界层（DBL）的作用，展示污染物在沉积物-水界面的多维度分布（一维垂向、二维平面和三维立体）及其在沉积物-水界面的扩散过程，详细总结影响污染物在沉积物-水界面迁移扩散的环境因素（包括温度、溶解氧或氧化还原条件、pH值、离子强度或盐度、沉积物组成、共存污染物、溶解性有机质、水动力条件、生物扰动、微生物以及其他因素），讨论当前关于沉积物-水界面污染物扩散通量估算几种方法的优缺点，最后，对沉积物-水界面污染物扩散研究在未来发展需要关注的几个方面进行了展望.;Exploring migration and diffusion for pollutants across the sediment-water interface is important for understanding the biogeochemical cycles of pollutants and assessing the environmental quality of lake ecosystems. In this review, we reviewed studies on sediment-water interface in the past decades, and illustrated the vertical structures and function of diffusive boundary layer (DBL) of the sediment-water interface. Then, we presented the multi-dimensional distribution (e.g. Distribution of 1-D verticality, 2-D plane, and 3-D space) of pollutants and diffusion process across the sediment-water interface. Also, we listed some key factors inffluencing diffusive process (such as temperature, dissolve oxygen or redox potential, salinity or ionic strength, sediment composition, coexistence of pollutants, dissolved organic matter, hydrodynamics, bio-turbation, microorganism and other factors). Some recent advances in the measurements of the pollutant fflux across the sediment-water interface were summarized. Finally, demands and challenges about the migration and diffusion for pollutants across the sediment-water interface in future research are proposed.