Recent Advances in MXenes Based Composites as Photocatalysts: Synthesis, Properties and Photocatalytic Removal of Organic Contaminants from Wastewater

Abstract MXene has indeed gained significant attention in recent years as a promising photocatalyst for various applications, including photocatalytic degradation of pollutants. MXene possesses several unique physical and chemical properties that make it suitable for such applications, including its uniform planar structure, strong metal conductivity, effective functional groups, and numerous derivatives. These properties contribute to the excellent photodegradation performance and long‐term stability exhibited by MXene‐based photocatalysts compared to other photocatalysts. MXene‐based composites, which are formed by incorporating MXene with other materials, demonstrate even better photodegradation activity due to their abundant active sites and porous structure. One crucial factor influencing the photodegradation performance of MXene‐based photocatalysts is the presence of active functional groups on the surface of MXene. These functional groups play a significant role in the photocatalytic process and contribute to the overall efficiency of the catalyst. To provide a broader understanding of MXene‐based photocatalysts, the physicochemical properties of MXene are briefly described in this review. This includes its structural characteristics, electrical conductivity, and the presence of functional groups. This review also investigates the physical and chemical synthesis routes for preparing MXene, both in its natural state and as composites with other materials. These synthesis methods are essential for tailoring the properties of MXene‐based photocatalysts to meet specific requirements. Finally, the review discusses future work and challenges in MXene‐based photocatalysis. This field holds great promise for addressing environmental concerns and improving the degradation of organic compounds. However, further research is needed to optimize the synthesis methods, enhance the photocatalytic efficiency, and explore the practical applications of MXene‐based photocatalysts.