化学
卤水
硝酸盐
电渗析
亚硝酸盐
铵
水处理
反渗透
无机化学
水溶液
环境化学
制浆造纸工业
环境工程
环境科学
膜
有机化学
工程类
生物化学
作者
Javier Sanchis-Carbonell,I. Carrero-Ferrer,Alfonso Sáez-Fernández,María Pedro-Monzonís,P. Campı́ns-Falcó,Vicente Montiel
标识
DOI:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172060
摘要
This research addresses the issues related with treatment and valorization of brines and nitrate decontamination of surface and ground waters. The objective was to approximate to zero liquid discharge (ZLD) minimizing the environmental impact of brines of an electrodialysis reversal water treatment plant (EDRWTP) as an example. The innovative in flow process was developed from lab to pre-industrial scale and joined several main concepts: ion-exchange equilibrium for softening or demineralization of brines; reversed osmosis to recover suitable water and to enrich the waste in nitrate for efficient electrochemical reduction of NO3− to N2; valorization of subproducts by direct use or by precipitation; and assessment of the whole process by measuring in-line several parameters. The achieved softening was around 98 % and the recovered water from this current by reversed osmosis was 75 %. The brine of this step (25 %) contained around 1500 mg/L of nitrate and it was treated by electrochemical reduction with a Bi/Sn cathode providing a gas current of 60 % of initial nitrate reduced to N2, O2, H2O, NH3 and at least 97 % of H2. The aqueous current contained around 40 % of initial nitrate as ammonium and nitrite lower than 50 and 5 mg/L, respectively. Hypochlorite was added to this last current for oxidizing ammonium and nitrite to N2 and nitrate, respectively, being nitrate and ammonium lower than 50 and 5 mg/L, respectively. After the obtained water was demineralized and conducted to the EDRWTP inlet. The recovery of insoluble salts as calcium carbonate, reuse of saline solutions for the regeneration of process resins and the potential use of hydrogen generated as a by-product during the electrochemical reduction are other possible utilities.
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