The association between TyG and all-cause/non-cardiovascular mortality in general patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus is modified by age: results from the cohort study of NHANES 1999–2018

医学 危险系数 全国健康与营养检查调查 糖尿病 2型糖尿病 内科学 全国死亡指数 比例危险模型 队列研究 置信区间 混淆 队列 死因 疾病 人口 环境卫生 内分泌学
作者
Younan Yao,Bo Wang,Geng Tian,Jiyan Chen,Wan Chen,Liwen Liu
出处
期刊:Cardiovascular Diabetology [BioMed Central]
卷期号:23 (1)
标识
DOI:10.1186/s12933-024-02120-6
摘要

Abstract Background The prognostic value of triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index in general type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients is still unclear. Therefore, we aimed to determine the associations between TyG and all-cause/cause-specific death in a T2DM cohort and explore whether such associations would be modified by age. Methods A total of 3,376 patients with T2DM from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999–2018 were selected and divided into the younger group (< 65 yrs) and the older group (≥ 65 yrs). Baseline TyG was calculated and cause-specific mortality status [cardiovascular (CV), cancer, and non-CV] was determined by the NHANES Public-Use Linked Mortality Files through 31 December 2019. Multivariate Cox and restricted cubic spline (RCS) regression models were used to evaluate the association between TyG and all-cause/cause-specific mortality. Interaction between TyG and age to mortality was also evaluated. Sensitivity analyses were performed in patients without cardiovascular disease, chronic kidney disease, or insulin treatment. Results During a median follow-up of 107 months, 805 all-cause deaths occurred, of which 250 and 144 were attributed to CV and cancer deaths. There was a significant age interaction to the association between TyG and all-cause/non-CV mortality. After fully adjusting for potential confounding factors, higher TyG was associated with an increased risk of all-cause [TyG per unit increase Hazard Ratio (HR) 1.33, 95% Confidence Interval (CI) 1.06–1.66, p = 0.014] and non-CV mortality (TyG per unit increase HR 1.54, 95% CI 1.18–2.01, p = 0.002) only in the younger group, but not in the older group. There was no significant association between TyG and CV/cancer death in the total cohort and two age subgroups. Similar results were found in RCS and sensitivity analyses. Conclusion In a national sample of patients with T2DM in the United States, we found that the association between TyG and all-cause/non-CV death was modified by age. Higher TyG was only associated with an increased risk of all-cause/non-CV only in T2DM patients younger than 65 years old, but not in older patients.
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