Revisiting the surface-mounted cube: An updated perspective of the near wake and near-wall flow field

The flow around a surface-mounted cube has been investigated for decades, yet the fundamentals of the mean flow have not been updated to reflect the latest advances regarding the flow around surface-mounted finite-height square prisms in general. One of the main gaps is the flow field very near the cube walls, especially the sides, and its relationship to the near wake. To investigate these features, large-eddy simulations of the flow around a surface-mounted cube were carried out at a Reynolds number Re =1×104. Two boundary layers were considered: a thin and laminar boundary layer and a thick and turbulent one, to provide an overview of the flow around the cube for contrasting boundary layers. The major flow structures in the mean wake were the horseshoe vortex, the arch vortex and the dipole structures, with other regions of vorticity also present. The time-averaged flow fields presented similar flow features for both boundary layers, but the thicker and turbulent one caused the horseshoe vortex to be located closer to the cube, the wake to become narrower and shorter, the coherent structures and downwash to weaken, the pressure to decrease around the sides and top of the cube, the drag force coefficient to decrease, the normal force coefficient to increase, and the trailing edge vortices to weaken. Intermittent flow reattachment on the top and side faces of the cube, as well as corner vortices, were found for both boundary layers, while the side and free end vortices were found exclusively with the thicker boundary layer, yielding a headband vortex. The three-dimensional flow structures and features were related to the near-wall flow field on the cube and ground plane surfaces, giving a complete and updated description of the mean flow characteristics.