Digital Beamforming and Receiving Array Research Based on Rydberg Field Probes

The electric field sensing technology based on the Rydberg atom has attracted widespread attention due to its powerful detection ability for the amplitude, phase, and polarization of the electric field. In this work, based on the electromagnetically induced transparency of the Rydberg atom and combined with a heterodyne Rydberg atom-based mixer, we measured the binary array composed of the Rydberg Field Probes. The measured phase difference of the electric field at two different Rydberg Field Probes is related to the direction of incidence. We digitally transform the received signal at 2.63 GHz and conduct digital beamforming processing to obtain its array pattern and beam direction. The measurement accuracy and reliability are greatly improved compared with the phase comparison method, and the angle-of-arrival variance is less than 1.5°. The effectiveness of digital beamforming based on the Rydberg atomic sensor is verified, which lays the foundation for the subsequent linear and planar array reception of the Rydberg atomic sensor. In addition, the occlusion based on Rydberg Field Probes is also measured, and its weak occlusion characteristics are confirmed. This unique feature provides feasible support for the three-dimensional receiving array based on the Rydberg atomic sensor.