[Mutational features of immunoglobulin heavy chain variable region gene in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia].

Objective: To investigate the mutational features of the immunoglobulin heavy chain variable region (IgHV) gene in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) using immunophenotypic and molecular genetic methods. Methods: The laboratory results of 266 CLL patients who underwent IgHV gene examination at Sino-US diagnostics laboratory from February 2020 to February 2021 were analyzed for the IgVH mutational status and presence of specific IgVH fragments. In addition, their immunophenotypic, molecular, chromosomal karyotypic, and FISH profiles were investigated and correlated with the IgVH mutational status. Results: Among 266 patients, 172 were male and 94 were female, with a media age of 67 years (20-82 years).There were more patients with mutated IgHV (m-IgHV) than unmutated IgHV (un-IgHV) (69.2%∶30.8%). There was association of VH family and the presence of gene fragments: the overall incidence of VH families including VH3 family (142/266, 53.4%), VH4 family (75/266, 28.2%), and VH1 family (34/266, 12.8%) was about 95%, among which the proportion of VH4-34 (26/266, 9.8%), VH3-23 (25/266, 9.4%), VH3-7 (24/266, 9.0%), and VH4-39 (16/266, 6.0%) was about 35%. VH3-20 and VH3-49 only occurred in un-IgHV (P<0.05). In addition, the expression rates of CD38 (26.3% vs. 3.0%), CD79b (71.1%∶45.5%) and 11q deletion (25.5%∶5.3%) were higher in un-IgHV, and single trisomy 12 (37.9%∶5.6%) were more commonly found in m-IgHV (P<0.05). MYD88 was one of the major mutation genes in m-IgHV, while ATM had the highest mutation rate in un-IgHV. Conclusion: CLL patients have differential expression in terms of IgHV gene mutations, correlating to their immunophenotype and genetics characteristics.目的： 探讨慢性淋巴细胞白血病（CLL）患者的免疫球蛋白重链可变区（IgHV）突变和未突变患者的实验室检查特点。 方法： 对2020年2月至2021年2月天津见康华美医学诊断中心266例行IgHV基因检测的CLL初诊患者的实验室检查结果进行总结，分析IgHV基因突变状态、基因片段的使用特征；对突变与未突变患者的免疫表型、基因突变筛查、染色体核型及荧光原位杂交（FISH）结果进行差异性比较。 结果： 患者男性172例，女性94例，中位年龄67岁（20~82岁）。（1）IgHV突变患者比例高于IgHV未突变患者（69.2%∶30.8%）。（2）VH家族以及基因片段的使用均存在明显的偏颇性：VH3家族（142/266，53.4%）、VH4家族（75/266，28.2%）和VH1家族（34/266，12.8%）的发生率总和约为95.0%；具体到基因片段，使用VH4-34（26/266，9.8%）、VH3-23（25/266，9.4%）、VH3-7（24/266，9.0%）、VH4-39（16/266，6.0%）的比例总和约为35.0%，其中VH3-20片段和VH3-49片段仅发生于IgHV未突变患者（P<0.05）。（3）IgHV未突变患者中CD38（26.3%∶3.0%）和CD79b（71.1%∶45.5%），以及11q缺失（25.5%∶5.3%）检出率较高，IgHV突变患者中单独的第12号染色体三体（37.9%∶5.6%）常见（P<0.05）。MYD88为IgHV突变患者的主要突变基因之一，而ATM在IgHV未突变患者突变率最高。 结论： CLL患者IgHV基因具有独特的表达特点，突变和未突变CLL患者的免疫表型、分子生物学和遗传学检查结果具有一定规律。.