Population dynamics and individual growth dynamics of Larix gmelinii under non-stand replacing fire

The population dynamics and individual growth dynamics of dominant tree species in boreal forests are associated with fire regimes. Fire regimes in the boreal forests of eastern Siberia are dominated by non-stand replacing (NSR) fire types. Fire drives population demographics by triggering tree mortality and births, and affects the post-fire growth dynamics of surviving individuals. When a non-stand replacing fire occurs, population dynamics fluctuate and individual growth changes occur simultaneously. The Great Xing'an Mountains is located at the southern edge of the eastern Siberia boreal forest and research on fire regimes and stand dynamics in this region are scarce. Understanding the effect of fire on the population structure and individual growth of the dominant species in the stand and the disturbance mechanisms are essential to understand the develop of boreal forests in the context of climate warming. In this study, three Larix gmelinii stands disturbed by NSR fire in the Great Xing'an Mountains were selected and established plots, and control stand plots were established at similar site conditions. We conducted a forest inventory and used dendrochronological methods to reveal the short- and long-term effects of NSR fire disturbance on the population dynamics and individual growth of the dominant species of L. gmelinii. Specifically, the effects of NSR fire on stand structure, the relationship between L. gmelinii demographics and disturbance, and the response of growth dynamics to disturbance were analyzed. Finally, the history of potential disturbance at stand level was reconstructed. The study found that common NSR fire affect the biomass and species composition of L. gmelinii forests. Fire disturbance contributes to the younger age structure of L. gmelinii populations. However, The NSR fire may limit the size of L. gmelinii populations but does not necessarily destroy population resilience depending on stand conditions. Irregular fluctuations in population survival and mortality curves are directly related to historical disturbance events. The NSR fire can inhibit the growth of surviving trees for 1–2 years, resulting in temporary growth asynchrony. The population dynamics fluctuations and temporal patterns of growth release signals can reconstruct historical disturbance events at the stand level. For example, the MH intra-group (Mohe Luogu River Nature Reserve burned stand&Mohe Luogu River Nature Reserve unburned stand) probably experienced a high-severity fire in 1880–1900, the TH intra-group (Tahe Nature Reserve burned stand&Tahe Nature Reserve unburned stand) experienced a high-severity fire around 1930, and THB (Tahe Nature Reserve burned stand) suffered stand-replacing. Overall, irregular fluctuations in population survival and mortality curves have been directly related to historical disturbance events. These findings provide direct evidence of the short- and long-term effects of fire on the survival and growth of L. gmelinii populations.