Assessing the causal relationship between frailty and sex hormone-binding globulin or insulin-like growth factor-1 levels: A sex-stratified bidirectional Mendelian Randomization study

The association between frailty and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) or insulin-like growth factor-1(IGF-1) levels demonstrates sex differences with inconsistent conclusions. This study aims to explore the causal relationship between frailty and SHBG or IGF-1 levels through bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR).