Principle and Application State of Fully Distributed Fiber Optic Vibration Detection Technology Based on Φ-OTDR: A Review

Phase-sensitive optical time-domain reflectometry Φ-OTDR) is a powerful sensing device that enables fully distributed optical fiber vibration detection with fast response and high sensitivity. Based on the introduction of its principles, Rayleigh backscatter, sensing mechanism, the characteristics of the Φ-OTDR system are analyzed in detail. Some gaps in the Φ-OTDR technology are outlined, and its development trends are highlighted. The application of its current technology is illustrated in different fields such as the perimeter security monitoring system, submarine cable surveillance, and so on. In the experiments analysis, it was pointed out that the device is very sensitive, which is subject to a high rate of false alarms; it also has unresolved types of disturbances. For these purposes, this paper first summarizes the development status of the Φ-OTDR-based fully distributed optical fiber sensing device. Then, it analyzes and proposes the use of a Printed Circuit Board (PCB) winding flyback converter with shielding, to solve the problem of sensitivity. The shielding method has been proven to significantly reduce high frequency noise up to 30 MHz. This will enable relevant industries and future researchers to know the current state of the Φ-OTDR device.