Tackling pulmonary fibrosis risks in post-COVID-19: cutting-edge treatments

Introduction Post-COVID-19 can damage many different organs; the lungs are still the most common target. Long-term respiratory symptoms and disorders post-COVID-19 infection, such as pulmonary fibrosis (PF) have been reported. PF post-COVID-19 has been identified as an important complication of Long-COVID, especially in patients with severe respiratory symptoms. High-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) is the main tool for detecting fibrotic lesions in patients with PF post-COVID-19. PF post-COVID-19 occurs via different mechanisms, including enhancement of TGF-β signaling and severe responsiveness to pro-inflammatory cytokines and other mediators of inflammatory cells.