Chitooligosaccharide-modified PLGA-loaded PPD nanoparticles ameliorated sepsis-associated acute kidney injury via the NF-κB signaling pathway

Objectives Sepsis-associated acute kidney injury (SA-AKI) is a significant clinical challenge with high morbidity and mortality. Low bioavailability of protopanaxadiol (PPD) limits its clinical application. In this study, PPD was encapsulated with chitooligosaccharide (COS) modified polylactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) to develop novel nanomedicines for the treatment of SA-AKI.