Trace RuO2 nanoparticles loaded nickel-coated multi-walled carbon nanotubes to boost hydrogen evolution reaction under acidic and alkaline media

Developing low-cost catalysts with high activity for the Hydrogen Evolution Reaction (HER) is a main challenge to reduce the dependence on precious metals while maintaining the catalytic activity. In this study, nickel-plated multi-walled carbon nanotubes (Ni-MWCNTs) with a large number of active sites were selected, and Ni-MWCNTs electrocatalysts loaded with trace amounts of RuO