Integration of a Paper‐Based Supercapacitor and Flexible Perovskite Mini‐Module: Toward Self‐Powered Portable and Wearable Electronics

Abstract An all‐flexible self‐powering unit, combining a flexible perovskite solar mini‐module for energy conversion and ultra‐flexible screen‐printed interdigitated carbon supercapacitors on paper for energy storage, is designed and developed. Through a hybrid bifurcated structure, the supercapacitors are connected in series and neatly layered on a paper substrate with the perovskite solar mini‐module strategically placed on top for seamless integration. The photosupercapacitor quickly reaches saturated voltage under various light intensities (1 sun, 1000 lx, 500 lx, and 200 lx) and displays a self‐discharge time of over 2 minutes. It delivers peak overall and storage efficiencies of 2.8% and 23%, respectively, and exhibits an extensive potential window of 3.8 V, making it a prominent choice for real time applications in electronic systems. In a nutshell, the inherent flexibility of both the solar module and the storage system, coupled with the space‐saving design, and the extensive potential window of the hybrid photosupercapacitor paves the way for implementation in portable and wearable electronics operating in indoor environments, ushering a new era of more versatile and adaptable energy solutions.