Endometrial organoids and trophoblast organoids: Novel models for investigation of maternal-fetal interactions

A coordinated crosstalk between the maternal body and embryo is indispensable in a successful pregnancy. However, reliable models to study the potential cellular and molecular mechanisms of maternal-fetal interaction have not been established. The widely used research models including animal models and cell lines have significant limitations. Recently, the emergence and advancement of organoids have aroused attention. Endometrial organoids and trophoblast organoids which recapitulate human decidua and trophoblasts in three-dimensional cultures provide new opportunities to study the physiological or pathological processes of decidualization and implantation. Furthermore, to recapitulate precise cell-cell communication in the decidual microenvironment in vivo, the co-culture of multicellular organoids will be a potential optimal model for future investigations of crosstalk at the maternal-fetal interface. Here, we focus on the latest development and advancement of endometrial organoids and trophoblast organoids.