Mas and Its Related G Protein–Coupled Receptors, Mrgprs

受体 生物 亚科 基因 G蛋白偶联受体 功能(生物学) 细胞生物学 神经科学 基因复制 遗传学
作者
Michael Bäder,Natália Alenina,Miguel A. Andrade‐Navarro,Robson A.S. Santos
出处
期刊:Pharmacological Reviews [American Society for Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics]
卷期号:66 (4): 1080-1105 被引量:159
标识
DOI:10.1124/pr.113.008136
摘要

The Mas-related G protein–coupled receptors (Mrgprs or Mas-related genes) comprise a subfamily of receptors named after the first discovered member, Mas. For most Mrgprs, pruriception seems to be the major function based on the following observations: 1) they are relatively promiscuous in their ligand specificity with best affinities for itch-inducing substances; 2) they are expressed in sensory neurons and mast cells in the skin, the main cellular components of pruriception; and 3) they appear in evolution first in tetrapods, which have arms and legs necessary for scratching to remove parasites or other noxious substances from the skin before they create harm. Because parasites coevolved with hosts, each species faced different parasitic challenges, which may explain another striking observation, the multiple independent duplication and expansion events of Mrgpr genes in different species as a consequence of parallel adaptive evolution. Their predominant expression in dorsal root ganglia anticipates additional functions of Mrgprs in nociception. Some Mrgprs have endogenous ligands, such as β-alanine, alamandine, adenine, RF-amide peptides, or salusin-β. However, because the functions of these agonists are still elusive, the physiologic role of the respective Mrgprs needs to be clarified. The best studied Mrgpr is Mas itself. It was shown to be a receptor for angiotensin-1–7 and to exert mainly protective actions in cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. This review summarizes the current knowledge about Mrgprs, their evolution, their ligands, their possible physiologic functions, and their therapeutic potential.
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