冰反照率反馈
海冰
北极海冰下降
北极冰盖
北极地球工程
流冰
环境科学
海洋学
海冰厚度
冰层
气候学
北极的
海冰浓度
南极海冰
全球变暖
气候变化
地质学
作者
Donald K. Perovich,J. Richter‐Menge
出处
期刊:Annual Review of Marine Science
[Annual Reviews]
日期:2008-12-16
卷期号:1 (1): 417-441
被引量:232
标识
DOI:10.1146/annurev.marine.010908.163805
摘要
The Arctic sea ice cover is in decline. The areal extent of the ice cover has been decreasing for the past few decades at an accelerating rate. Evidence also points to a decrease in sea ice thickness and a reduction in the amount of thicker perennial sea ice. A general global warming trend has made the ice cover more vulnerable to natural fluctuations in atmospheric and oceanic forcing. The observed reduction in Arctic sea ice is a consequence of both thermodynamic and dynamic processes, including such factors as preconditioning of the ice cover, overall warming trends, changes in cloud coverage, shifts in atmospheric circulation patterns, increased export of older ice out of the Arctic, advection of ocean heat from the Pacific and North Atlantic, enhanced solar heating of the ocean, and the ice-albedo feedback. The diminishing Arctic sea ice is creating social, political, economic, and ecological challenges.
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