Gelatin/agar-based functional film integrated with Pickering emulsion of clove essential oil stabilized with nanocellulose for active packaging applications

Highly stable nanosized Pickering emulsion (PE) was prepared using clove bud natural essential oil stabilized with nanocellulose fiber. The PE was used to prepare gelatin/agar-based functional films. The PE was compatible with the polymer matrix and was evenly dispersed in the polymer matrix. The inclusion of PE slightly improved the mechanical strength and somewhat reduced the vapor barrier properties of the gelatin/agar-based film, with no significant difference in thermal stability. The addition of PE also provided excellent UV-barrier properties without sacrificing the transparency of the film. Besides, the composite film showed potent antioxidant activities. The PE-added gelatin/agar-based films with improved physical and functional properties are likely to be used in active food packaging applications.