An Insight on RNA Based Therapeutics and Vaccines: Challenges and Opportunities

核糖核酸 适体 计算生物学 寡核苷酸 小干扰RNA RNA干扰 生物 RNA沉默 基因 遗传学
作者
Kanisht Batra,Sushila Maan,Anju Sehrawat
出处
期刊:Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry [Bentham Science]
卷期号:21 (32): 2851-2855 被引量:2
标识
DOI:10.2174/1568026621666211118095451
摘要

In this era, RNA molecules have provided a unique opportunity to researchers all over the world for expanding their range of targets in the development of drugs. Due to the unique pharmacological as well as physicochemical characteristics of different RNA molecules such as aptamers, small interfering RNAs (siRNA), antisense oligonucleotides (ASO) and guide RNAs (gRNA), they have emerged recently as a new class of drugs. They are used for selective action on proteins and genes that were not possible to target by conventional drug molecules. These RNA molecules like guide RNAs are also components of novel gene editing mechanisms which can modify the genome nearly in all cells. Vaccines based on RNA molecules have also provided a promising alternative to conventional live attenuated vaccines. RNA based vaccines have high potency, can be rapidly developed, and have potential for manufacturing at a cheaper rate and safe administration. However, the application of these RNAs has been restricted by the high instability and inefficient in vivo delivery. Technological advancement needs to overcome these issues so that RNA based drugs targeting several diseases can be developed. This article emphasizes the potential of RNA based drugs and the major barriers associated with the development of RNA therapeutics. Additionally, the role of RNA based vaccines and their challenges in advancing this promising vaccine platform for the prevention of infectious diseases have been discussed.
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