Recent progress and applications of gold nanotechnology in medical biophysics using artificial intelligence and mathematical modeling

Abstract In this topical review, we will explore and challenge how artificial intelligence (AI) and mathematical modeling apply towards the future in medical applications, focusing on their interactions with gold nanotechnology. There have been rapid advancements towards the applications of AI and mathematical modeling in medical biophysics. These specific techniques help to improve studies related to nanoscale technology. Many works have been published in relation to this topic; it is now time to collectively analyze and review them to assess the contributions these applications made within nanotechnology. Through this review, both theoretical and clinical data is examined for a fresh and present-day understanding. Observations of set parameters and defined equations through AI and mathematical modeling are made to help give explanation towards variable interaction. This review focuses on gold nanoparticle synthesis and preparation via the Turkevich and Brust and Schiffrins one-pot method. From this, findings show that gold nanoparticle size, shape, and overall functionality affect its synthetic properties. Depending on the characteristics within the gold nanoparticle, its ability to maximize light absorbency, wavelengths, and optical densities within the particle is limited. Finding an ideal wavelength (dependent on nanoparticle sizing) allows for higher absorbency of light within the nanoparticle itself. Examining the cellular uptake and cytotoxicity within the nanoparticle is done so via transmission electron microscope (TEM) and Fourier transform infrared radiation (FT-IR) spectroscopy. By manipulating AI and stochastic and diagnostic models, nanoparticle efficiency within precision cancer therapy is set to ensure maximal treatment. Set conditions allow ideal tumor treatment planning, where manipulated nano-probes are used in gold nanoparticle-based therapy. Versatility in nanoparticle sensors allow for multimodal imaging and assistance towards further diagnostic and therapeutic imaging practices. Drawn conclusions will help expand further knowledge and growth for future gold nanoparticle technology research in medical biophysics application using AI and mathematical modeling.