Mindfulness-Based Intervention for Children with Mental Health Problems: a 2-Year Follow-up Randomized Controlled Study

Abstract Objectives Moderate mental health problems are highly prevalent and increasing in Swedish schoolchildren, elevating risk for future mental and somatic disability. The aim of this study was to determine whether an 8-week mindfulness-based intervention, Training for Mindfulness and Resilience (TMR), mitigates mental health symptoms and increases resilience during a 2-year follow-up. Methods Schoolchildren (aged 9–14 years) reporting moderate mental health problems were randomized into either TMR intervention group ( N = 22) or control group, receiving best current practice ( N = 12). We used validated questionnaires to measure anxiety, depression, anger, disruptive behavior, self-concept, resilience, stress, and mindfulness before treatment with either TMR or control, as well as at 6 months, 1 year, and 2 years follow-up. Results We found a statistically significant effect of TMR intervention vs control, on resilience, anxiety, anger, and disruptive behavior. Compared to baseline, TMR increased the level of resilience at 6 months ( p < .001); anxiety at 1 (p < = .033) and 2 years ( p = .04); anger at 6 months ( p = .004) and 2 years ( p = .039); disruptive behavior at 6 months ( p = .006). In the control group, a decrease in resilience between 6 months and 2 years ( p = .05) was observed. No other significant effects were found in the control group. Conclusions This study suggested that TMR improved mental health in schoolchildren with effects on anxiety and anger lasting for 2 years, and on resilience and disruptive behavior lasting for 6 months. Trial Registration Number NCT04806542, date of registration 18 th of March 2021, retrospectively registered.