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Probiotics as Therapeutic Tools against Pathogenic Biofilms: Have We Found the Perfect Weapon?

生物膜 微生物学 细菌 生物 抗生素 抗生素耐药性 抗菌剂 遗传学
作者
Gabriele Meroni,Simona Panelli,Gian Vincenzo Zuccotti,Claudio Bandi,Lorenzo Drago,Dario Pistone
出处
期刊:Microbiology research [MDPI AG]
卷期号:12 (4): 916-937 被引量:15
标识
DOI:10.3390/microbiolres12040068
摘要

Bacterial populations inhabiting a variety of natural and human-associated niches have the ability to grow in the form of biofilms. A large part of pathological chronic conditions, and essentially all the bacterial infections associated with implanted medical devices or prosthetics, are caused by microorganisms embedded in a matrix made of polysaccharides, proteins, and nucleic acids. Biofilm infections are generally characterized by a slow onset, mild symptoms, tendency to chronicity, and refractory response to antibiotic therapy. Even though the molecular mechanisms responsible for resistance to antimicrobial agents and host defenses have been deeply clarified, effective means to fight biofilms are still required. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB), used as probiotics, are emerging as powerful weapons to prevent adhesion, biofilm formation, and control overgrowth of pathogens. Hence, using probiotics or their metabolites to quench and interrupt bacterial communication and aggregation, and to interfere with biofilm formation and stability, might represent a new frontier in clinical microbiology and a valid alternative to antibiotic therapies. This review summarizes the current knowledge on the experimental and therapeutic applications of LAB to interfere with biofilm formation or disrupt the stability of pathogenic biofilms.
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