A review on the development of synthesis method for biomass-derived hard carbon for sodium ion batteries

This study aims to develop a synthesis method for biomass-derived hard carbon for battery anode components. The advantages of hard carbon fabricated from biomass include the ability to reduce environmental pollution, cheap, and abundantly available. Generally, the synthesis method of anode material from biomass is divided into four, including pyrolysis and its various forms, namely hydrothermal, chemical activation, and heteroatom doping. All these affected the properties of hard carbon. Therefore, the structural and morphology properties, as well as the electrochemical performances were also investigated.