芳香烃受体
犬尿氨酸
肠道菌群
色氨酸
犬尿氨酸途径
免疫系统
炎症
代谢途径
吲哚试验
调解人
生物
平衡
受体
化学
生物化学
新陈代谢
内分泌学
免疫学
氨基酸
基因
转录因子
作者
Ben Niu,Tong Pan,Yue Xiao,Li Wang,Jinlin Zhu,Fengwei Tian,Wenwei Lu,Wei Chen
标识
DOI:10.1080/10408398.2023.2299744
摘要
Tryptophan (TRP) contributes to individual immune homeostasis and good condition via three complex metabolism pathways (5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), kynurenine (KP), and gut microbiota pathway). Indole propionic acid (IPA), one of the TRP derivatives of the microbiota pathway, has raised more attention because of its impact on metabolic disorders. Here, we retrospect increasing evidence that TRP metabolites/IPA derived from its proteolysis impact host health and disease. IPA can activate the immune system through aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) and/or Pregnane X receptor (PXR) as a vital mediator among diet-caused host and microbe cross-talk. Different levels of IPA in systemic circulation can predict the risk of NAFLD, T2DM, and CVD. IPA is suggested to alleviate cognitive impairment from oxidative damage, reduce gut inflammation, inhibit lipid accumulation and attenuate the symptoms of NAFLD, putatively enhance the intestinal epithelial barrier, and maintain intestinal homeostasis. Now, we provide a general description of the relationships between IPA and various physiological and pathological processes, which support an opportunity for diet intervention for metabolic diseases.
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