Molecular Techniques for the Study of Ecological and Evolutionary Processes in Lymnaeids

In this chapter, we review the molecular approaches that have been applied to the study of ecological and evolutionary processes in lymnaeids. First, we describe the most common molecular techniques used to fix, preserve, dissect, collect, extract, and analyze lymnaeid samples. Second, we give some examples by mentioning studies in which these techniques have been applied in lymnaeids. We group the reviewed literature according to its experimental purpose: species identification, systematics, and phylogenetics; population genetics and phylogeography; mating system and reproductive behavior; and biotic and abiotic interactions. Finally, we introduce and discuss our view on the trends and perspectives on molecular procedures and techniques that will bring light to our understanding of the ecology and evolution of lymnaeids.