Recent advance of physicochemical, structural properties, potential health benefits and application of bioactive macromolecules from Porphyra haitanensis: A review

Porphyra haitanensis (P. haitanensis) belongs to the class Rhodophyta and the family Bangiaceae, which is a unique artificially cultivated seaweed in China, especially in the coastal areas of Fujian and Zhejiang province. P. haitanensis is rich in amino acids, mineral elements, proteins, polysaccharides, and trace elements, with proteins and polysaccharides being the main components. P. haitanensis proteins and polysaccharides have variety of biological activities, including antioxidant, anticancer, immunomodulatory, anti-allergic and anti-aging activities, among others. This review introduced and summarized the preparation, isolation and purification, phytochemistry and structural properties, and biological activities of P. haitanensis proteins and polysaccharide, as well as their biomedical and food applications. Furthermore, a thorough analysis of the current trends and perspectives on P. haitanensis bioactive macromolecules were highlighted and prospected. Hopefully, this review can provide a useful reference value for the development and application of P. haitanensis bioactive macromolecules in the field of biomedical and food in the future.